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Chapter 1· The Science of Biology
MCQs with Answers Try each one first: tap an option to check it, then read the reasoning and why the others are wrong.
A note about the questions
The wording follows published solved exercises and every answer was re-checked by hand, so the wording or the order of options may differ slightly from your print.
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Set A: Textbook exercise 10 MCQs The multiple-choice questions at the end of Chapter 1 in your book, in the book's option order.
Q1.1 Branches of Biology
Which branch of Biology focuses on the study of the structure and function of cells?
(a) Cytology (b) Microbiology (c) Histology (d) Ecology Show answer and reasoning Answer (a) Cytology
Step by step
Cyto = cell; histo = tissue; micro = microorganisms; eco = surroundings. Why the others are wrong
(b) that is the study of microorganisms.(c) that is the microscopic study of tissues.(d) that is organisms and their environment.Remember
Cyto-logy = cell study.
Q1.2 Branches of Biology
The study of the processes of heredity and variation in living organisms is known as:
(a) Ecology (b) Genetics (c) Anatomy (d) Embryology Show answer and reasoning Answer (b) Genetics
Step by step
Heredity and variation are the two subjects of genetics. Why the others are wrong
(a) relationships with the environment.(c) internal structure.(d) development from the fertilized egg.Remember
Genes → Genetics.
Q1.3 Relation with Other Sciences
Insulin made through bacteria is an example of the technique of:
(a) Parasitology (b) Biotechnology (c) Biochemistry (d) Histology Show answer and reasoning Answer (b) Biotechnology
Step by step
Bacteria carrying the human insulin gene make insulin in fermenters. Why the others are wrong
(a) the study of parasites.(c) chemical reactions in living things, not a production technique.(d) study of tissues.Remember
Living organisms as factories = biotechnology.
Q1.4 Branches of Biology
Heart pumps blood, stomach digests food, and kidneys excrete wastes. The statement comes from:
(a) Physiology (b) Anatomy (c) Morphology (d) Histology Show answer and reasoning Answer (a) Physiology
Step by step
Each part of the sentence says what an organ does → function → physiology. Why the others are wrong
(b) internal structure, not function.(c) form and structure.(d) microscopic study of tissues.Remember
What it does = physiology; what it looks like = morphology/anatomy.
Q1.5 Branches of Biology
Which branch of Biology involves the study of the classification of organisms?
(a) Taxonomy (b) Physiology (c) Palaeontology (d) Biogeography Show answer and reasoning Answer (a) Taxonomy
Step by step
Classification and naming = taxonomy. Why the others are wrong
(b) functions.(c) fossils.(d) distribution over the Earth.Q1.6 Scientific Method
Which step comes between making hypothesis and doing experiments?
(a) Making deductions (b) Making observations (c) Summarizing results (d) Analysing data Show answer and reasoning Answer (a) Making deductions
Step by step
Hypothesis → deduction → experiment. Why the others are wrong
(b) observations come before the hypothesis.(c) summarizing comes after the results.(d) data come from the experiments.Remember
H-D-E: Hypothesis, Deduction, Experiment.
Q1.7 Scientific Method
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the scientific method?
(a) It relies on evidence (b) It involves formulating hypotheses (c) Hypothesis will always be correct (d) It requires rigorous testing Show answer and reasoning Answer (c) Hypothesis will always be correct
Step by step
A hypothesis may be proved or disproved by experiment. Why the others are wrong
(a) this IS a characteristic.(b) this IS a characteristic.(d) this IS a characteristic.Remember
Tentative ≠ always correct.
Q1.8 Scientific Method
Choose the correct sequence of steps of scientific method?
(a) Observations – hypothesis – deduction – experiments (b) Observations – hypothesis – law – theory (c) Hypothesis – observations – deduction – experiments (d) Law – theory – deduction – observations Show answer and reasoning Answer (a) Observations – hypothesis – deduction – experiments
Step by step
Observe → hypothesise → deduce → experiment → results. A theory comes before a law. Why the others are wrong
(b) law comes after theory, and both come after experiments.(c) observations come first.(d) reversed order.Q1.9 Malaria: Biological Method
People who slept near smoky fire had less chance to suffer from malaria. Why?
(a) Smoke kills Plasmodium in their blood (b) Fire increases temperature and Plasmodium are killed in air (c) Mosquitoes cannot tolerate smoke and are repelled (d) Smoke kills Plasmodium present in mosquitoes Show answer and reasoning Answer (c) Mosquitoes cannot tolerate smoke and are repelled
Step by step
Fewer bites → less malaria. Smoke does not reach Plasmodium inside blood or mosquitoes. Why the others are wrong
(a) smoke cannot reach the blood.(b) Plasmodium does not float in the air.(d) smoke repels, it does not kill the parasite.Remember
Smoke repels mosquitoes.
Q1.10 Scientific Method
Experiments are very important in scientific method because a researcher:
(a) Always gets correct results (b) Disproves many hypotheses and gets some hypothesis proved (c) Is sure that he will prove the hypotheses (d) Gets a chance to work in the laboratory Show answer and reasoning Answer (b) Disproves many hypotheses and gets some hypothesis proved
Step by step
Many hypotheses → experiments → wrong ones rejected, one accepted. Why the others are wrong
(a) results can show a hypothesis is wrong.(c) nobody can be sure in advance.(d) not the scientific reason.Remember
Experiments test, they do not guarantee.
Set B: More MCQs from this chapter 14 MCQs Extra questions on the same ideas, of the kind set in board papers and class tests.
QB1 Branches of Biology
The word "Biology" comes from two Greek words "bios" and "logos", which mean:
(a) plant and animal (b) cell and study (c) life and earth (d) life and study Show answer and reasoning Answer (d) life and study
Step by step
bios = life, logos = study. Why the others are wrong
(a) those are botany and zoology.(b) cell is "cyto".(c) Wrong.Remember
Bio-logy = life-study.
QB2 Branches of Biology
The study of fossils is called:
(a) Taxonomy (b) Ecology (c) Embryology (d) Palaeontology Show answer and reasoning Answer (d) Palaeontology
Step by step
Dinosaur fossils give evidence of giant reptiles that lived millions of years ago. Why the others are wrong
(a) classification.(b) organisms and environment.(c) development of the embryo.Remember
Palaeo = ancient.
QB3 Branches of Biology
The microscopic study of tissues is called:
(a) Cytology (b) Histology (c) Anatomy (d) Pathology Show answer and reasoning Answer (b) Histology
Step by step
Histo = tissue. Why the others are wrong
(a) cells.(c) internal structure of organs.(d) diseases.Remember
Tissue under the microscope → histology.
QB4 Branches of Biology
A scientist studies how the uncontrolled division and spread of cells causes cancer. The branch is:
(a) Pathology (b) Pharmacology (c) Immunology (d) Genetics Show answer and reasoning Answer (a) Pathology
Step by step
Disease, cause and effect → pathology. Why the others are wrong
(b) drugs.(c) immune system.(d) heredity.QB5 Relation with Other Sciences
The study of the rules of lever and motion to understand muscles, bones and joints belongs to:
(a) Biochemistry (b) Bio-economics (c) Biogeography (d) Biophysics Show answer and reasoning Answer (d) Biophysics
Step by step
Lever and motion are physics principles. Why the others are wrong
(a) chemical reactions.(b) cost and profit.(c) distribution of organisms.Remember
Physics + biology = biophysics.
QB6 Relation with Other Sciences
Analysing the sequence of amino acids in a protein with computer models is part of:
(a) Marine Biology (b) Biogeography (c) Palaeontology (d) Computational Biology Show answer and reasoning Answer (d) Computational Biology
Step by step
Computers + biological data = computational biology. Why the others are wrong
(a) Wrong.(b) Wrong.(c) Wrong.Remember
Compute = computer.
QB7 Relation with Other Sciences
The distribution of living organisms in different geographical regions is studied in:
(a) Biostatistics (b) Biotechnology (c) Biogeography (d) Biophysics Show answer and reasoning Answer (c) Biogeography
Step by step
Geography = regions of the Earth. Why the others are wrong
(a) statistics of data.(b) products from organisms.(d) physics in biology.Remember
Where organisms live → biogeography.
QB8 Careers in Biology
To become a dentist, a student must complete a:
(a) 5-year MBBS degree (b) 4-year BDS degree (c) 4-year BS Forestry degree (d) D. Pharm degree Show answer and reasoning Answer (b) 4-year BDS degree
Step by step
MBBS: 5 years; BDS: 4 years. Why the others are wrong
(a) that is for doctors.(c) foresters.(d) pharmacists.Remember
D in BDS = dental.
QB9 Quranic Instructions
According to Surah Al-Anbiya (Verse 30), every living thing was made from:
(a) clay (b) fire (c) water (d) air Show answer and reasoning Answer (c) water
Step by step
Clay is mentioned for the creation of man (Al-Rehman, 14). Why the others are wrong
(a) clay is mentioned for man (Al-Rehman 14).(b) Wrong.(d) Wrong.Remember
All life from water.
QB10 Science as a Collaborative Field
The Human Genome Project, which sequenced and mapped the human genome, was completed in:
(a) 1953 (b) 1990 (c) 2020 (d) 2003 Show answer and reasoning Answer (d) 2003
Step by step
An example of interdisciplinary collaboration. Why the others are wrong
(a) the year DNA's structure was described.(b) the year it began.(c) Wrong.Remember
Genome done in 2003.
QB11 Scientific Method
The number of birds in a tree is an example of:
(a) a qualitative observation (b) a hypothesis (c) a quantitative observation (d) a deduction Show answer and reasoning Answer (c) a quantitative observation
Step by step
A number → quantitative. Why the others are wrong
(a) qualitative cannot be measured in numbers.(b) Wrong.(d) Wrong.Remember
Quantity = quantitative.
QB12 Scientific Method
In an experiment on the need of CO₂ for photosynthesis, the plant that is not provided carbon dioxide forms the:
(a) control group (b) experimental group (c) hypothesis (d) deduction Show answer and reasoning Answer (b) experimental group
Step by step
The factor being tested is changed in the experimental group. Why the others are wrong
(a) the control plant gets CO₂.(c) Wrong.(d) Wrong.Remember
Changed factor = experimental; normal = control.
QB13 Theory and Law
A theory that is proved again and again by experiments becomes a:
(a) hypothesis (b) deduction (c) law or principle (d) observation Show answer and reasoning Answer (c) law or principle
Step by step
Hypothesis → theory → law. Why the others are wrong
(a) the first, tentative stage.(b) Wrong.(d) Wrong.Remember
Proved again and again → law.
QB14 Malaria: Biological Method
Ronald Ross showed that Plasmodium is transmitted by mosquitoes using:
(a) humans and Anopheles mosquitoes (b) rats and fleas (c) monkeys and Aedes mosquitoes (d) sparrows and Culex mosquitoes Show answer and reasoning Answer (d) sparrows and Culex mosquitoes
Step by step
Anopheles–human experiments were done later by Italian biologists (1898). Why the others are wrong
(a) that was the Italian experiment of 1898.(b) fleas carry plague.(c) Aedes carries dengue.Remember
Ross: sparrow + Culex.
